MEMPERLUAS TEORI PERILAKU TERENCANA DALAM PEMBIAYAAN UMKM: KINERJA INOVATIF SEBAGAI MEDIATOR AKSES KREDIT

Yulfan Arif Nurohman; Jati Waskito; Imronudin Imronudin

doi:10.52353/ama.v19i1.969

MEMPERLUAS TEORI PERILAKU TERENCANA DALAM PEMBIAYAAN UMKM: KINERJA INOVATIF SEBAGAI MEDIATOR AKSES KREDIT

Yulfan Arif Nurohman, Jati Waskito, Imronudin Imronudin

Abstrak

ABSTRACT

Access to bank credit is a major obstacle for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. Rural MSMEs face more complex problems than urban ones. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of personal attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control on the intention to financing access, as well as to test the mediating role of innovation performance within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A quantitative approach was used through a survey of 90 rural MSMEs in Sragen Regency, with data analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that only personal attitudes significantly influence the intention to access credit, while subjective norms and behavioral control have no direct effect. However, subjective norms have an indirect effect through innovation performance as a mediating variable. These findings indicate that decisions to access financing in rural areas are more influenced by personal evaluations and innovative capacity strengthened by social support, rather than direct social pressure or perceived ease of procedures. This research provides implications for financial institutions and policymakers in designing more contextual and behavior-based financial inclusion strategies. The novelty of the study lies in the integration of innovation performance as a mediator in the TPB model in the context of rural MSMEs.

ABSTRAK

Akses kredit perbankan menjadi kendala utama bagi usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia. UMKM pedesaan memiliki masalah yang lebih kompleks dibandingkan perkotaan, sehingga penelitian dilakukan dengan bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sikap pribadi, norma subjektif, dan kontrol perilaku terhadap niat mengakses pembiayaan perbankan, serta untuk menguji peran mediasi kinerja inovasi dalam kerangka Teori Perilaku Terencana (TPB). Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan melalui survei terhadap 90 UMKM pedesaan di Kabupaten Sragen dengan analisis data menggunakan Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya sikap pribadi yang secara signifikan memengaruhi niat mengakses pembiayaan, sedangkan norma subjektif dan kontrol perilaku tidak memiliki pengaruh langsung. Namun, norma subjektif memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung melalui kinerja inovasi sebagai variabel mediasi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa keputusan untuk mengakses pembiayaan di daerah pedesaan lebih dipengaruhi oleh evaluasi pribadi dan kapasitas inovatif yang diperkuat oleh dukungan sosial, daripada tekanan sosial langsung atau kemudahan prosedur yang dirasakan. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bagi lembaga keuangan dan pembuat kebijakan dalam merancang strategi inklusi keuangan yang lebih kontekstual dan berbasis perilaku. Keunikan penelitian ini terletak pada pengintegrasian kinerja inovasi sebagai mediator dalam model TPB dalam konteks UMKM pedesaan.

Kata Kunci

SMEs financing access; innovative performance; rural entrepreneurship; financial inclusion; bank credit access

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi

Afthanorhan, A., Ghazali, P. L., & Rashid, N. (2021). Discriminant Validity: A Comparison of CBSEM and Consistent PLS using Fornell & Larcker and HTMT Approaches. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 1, 1874. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1874/1/012085

Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Amofah, K., & Saladrigues, R. (2022). Impact of attitude towards entrepreneurship education and role models on entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-022-00197-5

Aristei, D., Gallo, M., & Minetti, R. (2024). Financial literacy and borrower discouragement. Economics Letters, 243, 111898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111898

Atsar, A. (2021). Sosialisasi Kegiatan Penyuluhan Umkm Mewujudkan Perekonomian Masyarakat Yang Mempunyai Potensi Dan Peran Strategis Menurut Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2008. Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v5i5.4142

Avista, D. R., Langit, U. A. S., & Mashudi. (2025). Literasi Digital dan Penguatan UMKM: Tinjauan Teoritis terhadap Strategi Pemberdayaan di Daerah Terpencil. Paraduta : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56630/paraduta.v3i2.913

Bailusy, M., Amarullah, D., & Ikbal, I. R. (2023). Analyzing The Behavior Of SMEs To Use External Financing Using Theory Of Planned Behavior. Conference on Economic and Business Innovation (CEBI), 369–379. https://doi.org/10.31328/cebi.v3i1.393

Bappeda Kabupaten Sragen. (2022). Laporan Rencana Pembangunan Daerah (RPD) Kabupaten Sragen 2023–2026.

Bokhari, S. A. A. (2022). An Empirical Examination of the Impact of Initial Capital, Prior Experience, and R&D on SMEs’ Survival and Economic Performance: Moderating Role of Innovation Culture. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.53703/001c.36937

BPS Jawa Tengah. (2024). Profil Industri Mikro dan Kecil Provinsi Jawa Tengah 2023. BPS Jawa Tengah. https://jateng.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/11/11/4d88092b7d13ebe2f41885fe/profil-industri-mikro-dan-kecil-provinsi-jawa-tengah-2023.html

Cherkos, T., Zegeye, M., Tilahun, S., & Avvari, M. (2017). Examining significant factors in micro and small enterprises performance: case study in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Journal of Industrial Engineering International, 14, 227–239. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40092-017-0221-y

Civelek, M., Ključnikova, J., Jitka Kloudová, Z., Veselá, A., & Ključnikov. (2024). From intention to action: Understanding bank credit access through the lens of the theory of planned behavior. Oeconomia Copernicana, 15(2).

Delfiano, R. (2025). Wamen Helvi: 69,5% UMKM Belum Akses Kredit, Pemerintah Genjot KUR Rp300 Triliun. Jawapos.Com. https://padek.jawapos.com/bisnis/2366064979/wamen-helvi-695-umkm-belum-akses-kredit-pemerintah-genjot-kur-rp300-triliun?

Djou, L. G., & Lukiastuti, F. (2021). The Moderating Influence of Financial Literacy on the Relationship of Financial Attitudes, Financial Self-Efficacy, and Credit Decision-Making Intensity. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 23(2), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.23.2.69-82

Fathori, F. (2024). Strategi Pembiayaan Inovatif: Meningkatkan Akses Modal Bagi Startup Dan Ukm. INVESTI : Jurnal Investasi Islam, 5(1), 550–564. https://doi.org/10.32806/ivi.v5i1.185

Hair, J., Anderson, R., Babin, B., & Black, W. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. In Australia : Cengage: Vol. 7 edition.

Hair, J. F., Hult, J. G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Ray, N. P. D., & Soumya. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling ( PLS-SEM ) Using R. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7

Halbusi, H. Al, Soto-Acosta, P., & Popa, S. (2023). Analysing E-Entrepreneurial Intention from the Theory Of Planned Behaviour: The Role of Social Media Use and Perceived Social Support. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 19, 1611–1642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-023-00866-1

Isa, M., Nurohman, Y. A., & Qurniawati, R. S. (2024). Innovation capabilities and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Indonesia. Acta Commercii, 24(1).

Jordan, P. J., & Troth, A. C. (2020). Common method bias in applied settings: The dilemma of researching in organizations. Australian Journal of Management, 45(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896219871976

Junaidi, M. (2024). UMKM Hebat, Perekonomian Nasional Meningkat. Djpb.Kemenkeu.Go.Id. https://djpb.kemenkeu.go.id/kppn/curup/id/data-publikasi/artikel/2885-umkm-hebat%2C-perekonomian-nasional-meningkat.html

Kadin Indonesia. (2024). UMKM Indonesia. Kadin.Id. https://kadin.id/data-dan-statistik/umkm-indonesia/

Karimi, S., & Makreet, A. S. (2021). The Role of Personal Values in Forming Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions in Developing Countries. Frontiers in PsychologyPsychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.525844

Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM. (2023). Profil UMKM Nasional Tahun 2022/2023. In Kemenkop UKM.

Khairurizqi, R. (2024). Pemerintah Naikkan Target Kredit Usaha Rakyat 2025 Jadi Rp 300 Triliun. Detik.Com. https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-7702439/pemerintah-naikkan-target-kredit-usaha-rakyat-2025-jadi-rp-300-triliun

Kijkasiwat, P. (2021). The influence of behavioral factors on SMES’ owners intention to adoptprivate finance. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 30(1). https://doi.org/https://www.researchgate.net/deref/https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.jbef.2021.100476?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJwYWdlQ29udGVudCJ9fQ

Ključnikov, A., Mura, L., Hvolková, L., & Civelek, M. (2024). Breaking down entrepreneurial barriers: The role of financial literacy and government support in SMEs’ access to finance. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal.

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-024-00343-3

Kusuma, M., Narulitasari, D., & Nurohman, Y. A. (2022). Inklusi Keuangan Dan Literasi Keuangan Terhadap Kinerja Dan Keberlanjutan Umkm Disolo Raya. Among Makarti, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.52353/ama.v14i2.210

Megersa, K. (2020). Improving SMEs’ Access to Finance Through Capital Markets and Innovative Financing Instruments: Some Evidence from Developing Countries. Institute of Development Studies, 22. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Mualim Hasibuan. (2024). Kendala aksesibilitas pembiayaan usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (umkm) dari lembaga keuangan obstacles of accessibility of financing for micro small and medium enterprises (msmes) from financial institutions. Aksioma: Jurnal Manajemen, 3(1).

Mushtaq, R., Gull, A. A., & Usman, M. (2022a). ICT adoption, innovation, and SMEs’ access to finance. Telecommunications Policy, 46(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102275

Mushtaq, R., Gull, A. A., & Usman, M. (2022b). ICT adoption, innovation, and SMEs’ access to finance. Telecommunications Policy, 46(3), 102275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102275

Nugraeni, N., Paramitalaksmi, R., Wafa, Z., & Saputri, K. (2023). Persyaratan kredit mempengaruhi akses kredit formal UMKM. Proceeding of National Conference on Accounting & Finance. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/ncaf.vol5.art17

Nurohman, Y. A., Kusuma, M., & Narulitasari, D. (2021). Fin-Tech, Financial Inclusion, and Sustainability: a Quantitative Approach of Muslims SMEs. International Journal of Islamic Business Ethics, 6(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.30659/ijibe.6.1.54-67

Otchengco Jr., A. M., & Akiate, Y. W. D. (2021). Entrepreneurial intentions on perceived behavioral control and personal attitude: moderated by structural support. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-08-2020-0124

Paranata, A., Pahrudin, Muzayyanah, S., & Trinh, T. H. (2023). Identification of factors influencing entrepreneurial behavior: unveiling start-up business initiatives in Indonesia. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications Volume, 10. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01896-4

Quail, J. (2024). Throwing the kitchen sink’: Small business innovation key to unlocking productivity boost: RBA. News.Com. https://www.news.com.au/finance/small-business/throwing-the-kitchen-sink-small-business-innovation-key-to-unlocking-productivity-boost-rba/news-story/0f3cf5ce28c52c271306675a73

Saleh, T., Hasudungan, B., & Nurdiana, D. (2025). Analisis Dampak Regulasi dan Manajemen Keuangan terhadap Kemudahan Akses Kredit bagi UMKM. Cendekia Ilmiah, 4(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56799/jceki.v4i3.8463

Sedyastuti, K. (2018). Analisis Pemberdayaan UMKM Dan Peningkatan Daya Saing Dalam Kancah Pasar Global. INOBIS: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen Indonesia, 2(1), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.31842/jurnal-inobis.v2i1.65

Setyawan, D. (2021). Mendorong Pembiayaan Usaha Mikro. Detik.Com. https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-5521807/mendorong-pembiayaan-usaha-mikro?

Vinila, T. (2022). Importance Of The Msmes To The Economy: Challenges And Measures. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 5(8).

Yang, Q., Mamun, A. Al, Jingzu, G., Siyu, L., & Masud, M. M. (2023). Social Entrepreneurial Intention Among Working Adults: an Emerging Country Context. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1123198

Zhang, L., Chen, J., Liu, Z., & Hao, Z. (2023). Digital Inclusive Finance, Financing Constraints, and Technological Innovation of SMEs—Differences in the Effects of Financial Regulation and Government Subsidies. Sustainability, 15(9), 7144. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097144

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52353/ama.v19i1.969